Click the videos!
As far as we know, this is the first hydrocode modeling of a low-altitude touchdown airburst impact.
Click an ePoster presentation at the 57th Lunar & Planetary Science Conference 2026!
Research on impact geology, geophysics, petrology, and impact cratering
Click the videos!
As far as we know, this is the first hydrocode modeling of a low-altitude touchdown airburst impact.
Click an ePoster presentation at the 57th Lunar & Planetary Science Conference 2026!
and a critical comment on the Mineralogical Magazine Peer Review

50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 1520.pdf
Trigonal and cubic Fe2Si polymorphs (hapkeite) in the eight kilograms find of natural iron silicide from Grabenstätt (Chiemgau, Southeast Germany) – authors
Frank Bauer1, Michael Hiltl, Michael A. Rappenglück, Kord Ernstson
We are referring here to the article recently published in the Mineralogical Magazine
by Luca Bindi et al. on the discovery of trigonal hapkeite:
Trigonal Fe2Si from the Blackville site, South Carolina, USA: occurrence, composition and determination of the crystal structure. – Mineralogical Magazine 90(1):1-20.
We point to our post above we published seven years ago at the LPSC 2019 on hapkeite, which occurs within the vast distribution area – spanning several tens of kilometers – of the entire iron silicide family in connection with the Holocene airburst impact event.
In addition, a very comprehensive paper on the impressive iron silicide deposit at the Chiemgau impact site was published in 2023, covering all previous findings and observations regarding the excavated metallic chunks and spherules (not in glass, as the article incorrectly claims), along with extensive SEM, TEM, and EBSD analyses:
A Prominent Iron Silicides Strewn Field and Its Relation to the Bronze Age/Iron Age Chiemgau Meteorite Impact Event (Germany) by Kord Ernstson, Frank Bauer, Michael Hiltl
All of this is omitted by Luca Bindi et al. and addressed only in passing in a single sentence with a citation. The Mineralogical Magazine and the responsible peer reviewers are accused of manipulating science. A quick web search using the term “trigonal hapkeite” would have listed our publications among the top results on Google.

Click the article (translated from the German original)
We present our findings on the Schlitzer Kauten in Hesse, Germany, revealing their complex structure as part of a larger impact feature field formed by a low-altitude touchdown airburst event. Our high-resolution digital terrain model DGM 1 has allowed us to rule out previous interpretations and connect these formations to similar Holocene events in Mid-Europe from the French border to the Czech Republic.
Please note that this article is a computer translation of the original German text and may contain incorrect wording.
Lake Bärnsee impact – Chiemgau impact strewn field – Impact research in the Czech Republic – Lake Tüttensee multiple impact – The Saarland impact and DTM – Viničky 100 km diameter impact structure in Slovakia
Kord Ernstson and Jens Poßekel
Poster Meteoritical Society Meeting 2025
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Kord Ernstson and Jens Poßekel
Poster Meteoritical Society Meeting 2025
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The current state of impact research in the Czech Republic
Martin Molnár, Karel Ventura, Jens Poßekel and Kord Ernstson
Poster Meteoritical Society Meeting 2025
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Jens Poßekel and Kord Ernstson
Poster 56th LPSC Meeting 2025, 2770.pdf
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Kord Ernstson, Werner Müller, Andreas Gawlik-Wagner, Kord Ernstson and Allen West
Poster 56th LPSC Meeting 2025, 1264.pdf
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Viničky: evidence of a 100 km impact structure in Slovakia
Kord Ernstson, Martin Molnár and Pavel Švanda
Poster 56th LPSC Meeting 2025, 1639.pdf
Earth Impact Database

The Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability structures are a prominent feature of the Chiemgau low-altitude airburst impact strewn field, which is the currently most spectacular Holocene impact event worldwide – despite all WIKIPEDIA false claims that continue to be made.

The Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability structures are a prominent feature of the Chiemgau low-altitude airburst impact strewn field, which is the currently most spectacular Holocene impact event worldwide – despite all WIKIPEDIA false claims that continue to be made.


The crater Emmerting #004, Chiemgau airburst impact crater strewn field, as a high-resolution Digitale Terrain Model DGM 1. The wavy rim zone corresponds to the Kelvin-Helmholtz liquefaction impact model.